On the watering of cattle

A while back, I had an online discussion about the care of cattle labeled as free-range or grass-fed or organic, who were being readied for the production of meat or dairy.  In a recent visit to Colorado and Utah, I experienced how those labels for the cattle are different from open-range, but in a way the treatment is the same.  Open range cattle is what you find on federal lands, i.e. public lands, managed by the U.S. Bureau of Land Management (BLM) in vast areas in Colorado and Utah and the like.
The cattle are owned by private ranchers who pay a modest fee for allowing their cattle to graze on large areas of such land.  These animals are not usually fenced in and are able to roam onto the road on which you are driving and they have the RIGHT OF WAY.
Where I came upon them, there were few signs of water in the form of a pond, or lake or stream, much less a river.  Most of the land was dry scrub and/or desert.
What I found out is that just like cattle on private land, described in previous posts, the owners will transport water to their animals intermittently.Voila! Learning this also solved the concern about cattle on a grass fed farm where there was no sign of water. This, of course, makes a lot of sense as hauling the water out to the cattle rather than leaving a tank of water to evaporate or be turned over or some other problem is much more efficient and caring of a precious resource like water, especially in a desert area.